Housing Ombudsman 

explainer guide

Living in a rented property can sometimes lead to disputes between residents and their landlords. When disagreements arise, knowing where to turn for an impartial and effective resolution is crucial. While an ombudsman currently exists for the social housing sector, the Renters' Rights Bill mandates the creation of one for the private rented sector. 

Understanding the Housing Ombudsman's function empowers tenants and landlords alike to navigate potential conflicts and seek appropriate redress, reducing the need for costly and time-consuming court proceedings.

Housing Ombudsman explainer guide

What is a Housing Ombudsman?

A Housing Ombudsman is an independent and impartial service that investigates complaints against landlords by residents, specifically those living in social housing. They provide a final decision on disputes between residents and landlords within the Housing Ombudsman Scheme. The Housing Ombudsman Service is free and aims to resolve disputes fairly, acting as a neutral third party in the process. 

While ombudsmen primarily exist to protect consumer rights, they also reduce the strain on the court system.

What are the key staples of a Housing Ombudsman?

operates as a neutral third party, distinct from both the resident and the landlord, to ensure an unbiased investigation. 

 residents can access the ombudsman's services without any charge. 

 dedicated to resolving disputes fairly and efficiently, frequently resulting in landlords addressing residents' issues. 

the ombudsman's rulings are obligatory for landlords, who must adhere to the recommendations. 

What Housing Ombudsman is currently in place?

The office of the Housing Ombudsman Service is an executive non-departmental public body of the UK Government. It is sponsored by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. 

Social housing specifically is covered by the ombudsman, which means it looks at complaints about registered providers of this sector. This includes housing associations and social landlords, managers and agents. This service is completely impartial.

 

Currently private tenants can make complaints to two redress schemes:

  • The Property Ombudsman, which is an independent, not-for-profit organisation
  • The Property Redress Scheme, which is a government-authorised consumer redress scheme

These can only be used to complain about letting agents, not landlords. This is problematic because, according to the 2024 English Private Landlord Survey, 52% of landlords said they didn’t use a letting agent. Meanwhile, the 48% of landlords who work with an agent can refuse the requests the agent makes on the tenant’s behalf.

 

How does the Housing Ombudsman in the Renters’ Rights Bill work?

The Renters’ Rights Bill seeks to flip the property sector completely with its headline-grabbing reforms. Within it are changes directly associated with the new Housing Ombudsman. 

The promises made are very similar to those made by the Conservative Government in its original Renters (Reform) Bill. The biggest change is that the ombudsman will be tailored towards the private rented sector. 

This means that all private landlords in England with regulated or assured tenancies must join a Private Rented Sector Ombudsman. This includes those that have a managing agent. 

Membership will incur an annual fee, the exact amount of which is yet to be confirmed. The ombudsman service will set the fee, intended to cover the cost of running the scheme. The Government has stated its commitment to collaborating with the ombudsman service to ensure the fee is “proportionate and good value”. 

It is designed to align with the Private Rented Sector Database registration, streamlining the process so landlords only need to submit their information once. 

The primary goal of establishing this ombudsman is to facilitate quicker and more affordable dispute resolution. By offering fair, impartial, and binding resolutions for both landlords and tenants, it aims to prevent disputes from escalating into expensive court proceedings, which will reduce the necessity of judicial intervention. 

 

How can complaints be reported?

Tenants will be able to raise complaints either online or by telephone. 

How does this relate to Section 21 evictions?

Section 21 is due to be abolished as part of the Renters’ Rights Bill but the move is likely to overload the courts. The Private Rented Sector Ombudsman will help out here by resolving more issues before they reach the courtroom. 

What will the ombudsman resolve?

The ombudsman will handle various consumer disputes, such as the reasonableness of a landlord preventing a tenant from keeping a pet. It will also provide tenancy mediation for landlord-initiated disputes, a service currently offered by the Property Redress Scheme's Tenancy Mediation Service, which may integrate with the new ombudsman. 

There is no comprehensive list of what it can deal with and there may not be one, as the ombudsman can likely look at each case in context and decide what’s fair.

 

Does a private landlord have to join the ombudsman?

Landlords will be legally required to join the new ombudsman service. 

What happens if they don’t?

The Bill grants local councils robust enforcement powers, including civil penalties of up to £7,000 for initial non-compliance and up to £40,000 or criminal prosecution for persistent or repeated breaches. Tenants can pursue Rent Repayment Orders (RRO) if their landlord repeatedly fails to join the ombudsman service, constituting an offence. This can be done for up to two year’s rent against the landlord. 

What is a Rent Repayment Order?

A Rent Repayment Order is a legal order issued by the First Tier Tribunal (FTT) that requires a landlord to repay rent to a tenant or a local authority. This order is applicable when a landlord commits a specified offense or has been convicted in court under the Housing and Planning Act 2016. 

Letting agents face equivalent fines if they market a property for a landlord who is not an Ombudsman member. Consequently, letting agents must verify the ombudsman membership of each landlord. 

Letting agents face equivalent fines if they market a property for a landlord who is not an Ombudsman member. Consequently, letting agents must verify the ombudsman membership of each landlord.

 

What is the Landlord Redress Scheme?

In addition to the existing schemes for tenant and landlord complaints about letting agents (The Property Ombudsman and the Property Redress Scheme), a new ombudsman for landlords will be introduced. Letting agents are legally required to join these government-approved schemes, which provide binding redress through adjudicator-led decisions.

 

How does it work when using a letting agent?

When a landlord uses a letting agent for property management, tenants have multiple avenues for complaints. If the letting agent breaches their scheme's rules, the tenant can complain to the letting agent's redress scheme. Additionally, if the landlord violates their legal obligations, the tenant can complain to the PRS Ombudsman. 

If a letting agent fails to respond promptly or appropriately, the tenant should first complain to the agent. If dissatisfied with the outcome or if the agent doesn't respond within eight weeks, the tenant can escalate the complaint to the agent's redress scheme. Since the landlord will also be in breach of their statutory duties in such cases, the tenant can also complain to the PRS Ombudsman. 

Essentially, even when a letting agent is involved, a tenant retains the right to complain to the PRS Landlord Ombudsman. This is because a landlord cannot use the letting agent's inaction as a defence; the landlord remains ultimately responsible for fulfilling their statutory obligations, including repairs and safety regulations. 

Consequently, both the redress scheme and the PRS Landlord Ombudsman may have overlapping jurisdiction for the same issue, such as a failure to repair a boiler in a timely manner. 

In certain situations, the PRS Ombudsman will be the only option for tenants. For example, if a landlord rejects a request to keep a pet. 

 

What happens if a landlord ignores the ombudsman’s decision?

Penalties can be applied to the landlord if they refuse to take the ombudsman’s guidance.

They could include:

  • Expelled from the Ombudsman scheme, preventing them from legally renting properties. 
  • Pursued through the courts, allowing the ombudsman’s rulings to be legally enforced. 
  • Served a Rent Repayment Order (RRO) which allows tenants to claim up to two years’ rent.

 

Will landlords be able to complain to the ombudsman about tenants?

No, it is being created to protect tenant rights, and only tenants will be able to bring complaints under the scheme.

 

When will the ombudsman come into law?

The Report Stage for the Renters’ Rights Bill in the House of Lords is now scheduled for July 1. On the same day, a Third Reading is expected in the Lords, after which the Bill will return to the House of Commons, following tradition. 

While theoretically the Commons and Lords could engage in prolonged back-and-forth if there are significant disagreements, it is being reported that both major parties have relatively few points of contention regarding the Bill. This means it is almost certain to receive Royal Assent and become law before the Commons' summer recess on July 22. 

During the committee stage of the House of Lords, Baroness Taylor said: “We intend for the details of the scheme to be published with significant lead-in time and to be piloted before landlords are required to be members.”

 

Final thoughts

The Housing Ombudsman Service has long served as a critical pillar of support for social housing tenants, offering an independent and cost-free avenue for resolving disputes with landlords. With the impending implementation of the Renters’ Rights Bill, the remit of the Housing Ombudsman is set to encompass the private rented sector. This marks a significant step towards levelling the playing field for all tenants.

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